双语学堂丨《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》第四批推出
为了帮助国际社会更好地了解中国人民抗击疫情斗争，为全球公共卫生治理提供参考借鉴，中国外文局所属当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院联合融媒体中心策划编写了《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》，解读中国打赢疫情防控阻击战、携手应对全球挑战的担当与行动。本期为广大读者介绍第四批词条（共30条）的中英文对照版。
点击下方链接查看《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》前三批英文词汇：
第一批 第二批 第三批2020年2月10日，习近平在北京调研指导新冠肺炎疫情防控工作。3月2日，习近平在北京考察新冠肺炎防控科研攻关工作。3月10日，习近平专门赴抗击疫情主战场湖北省武汉市考察新冠肺炎疫情防控工作，在火神山医院和东湖新城社区这两个抗疫阵地，看望慰问奋战在一线的广大医务工作者、解放军指战员、社区工作者、公安干警、基层干部、下沉干部、志愿者和患者群众、社区居民，勉励大家坚定信心，战胜疫情。实地考察结束后，习近平主持召开了一场电视电话会议。在会议讲话中，习近平作出重要判断：湖北和武汉疫情防控形势发生积极向好变化，取得阶段性重要成果，初步实现了稳定局势、扭转局面的目标。当前，疫情防控任务依然艰巨繁重。
习近平指出，这次新冠肺炎疫情防控是对治理体系和治理能力的一次大考，既有经验，也有教训。要放眼长远，总结经验教训，加快补齐治理体系的短板和弱项，为保障人民生命安全和身体健康筑牢制度防线。
On February 10, 2020, Xi Jinping inspected COVID-19 prevention and control work in Beijing. On March 2, he visited the scientists and researchers working against the coronavirus in the capital city.
On March 10, the Chinese president went to Wuhan, the main battleground, to inspect the prevention and control work. He visited the Huoshenshan Hospital and the Donghu Xincheng Community, where he greeted the front-line medical workers, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) commanders and soldiers, community workers, police officers, grassroots officials and those designated from higher levels, volunteers, patients and residents. He encouraged them to fight with confidence to win the battle against the epidemic. During his visit to the residential quarters, the president waved to the residents undergoing home quarantine and encouraged them to “join the efforts and fight together”.
Xi Jinping chaired a teleconference after the field inspection. It was the first time he “met” with officials from across Hubei Province in this way after a teleconference to coordinate national epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development on February 23, and another on poverty elimination on March 6.
Xi told the conference that the epidemic containment in Hubei and Wuhan is trending on a positive direction, with initial progress achieved in stabilizing the situation and turning the tide. However, the task remains arduous.
Xi pointed out that the response to the epidemic is a big test of China’s governance system and capacity. There are both experience and lessons. People should take a long-term view, draw experience and lessons for the future, and work swiftly to address inadequacies and fix weak links in the governance system, so as to consolidate the institutional defense to ensure people’s health and safety.新冠肺炎疫情发生后，广大医务工作者毅然告别家人，白衣执甲、逆行出征、全力救治患者，展现了救死扶伤、医者仁心的崇高精神。习近平在武汉考察时对奋战在一线的医务工作者给予高度评价，称赞他们是新时代最可爱的人，是光明的使者、希望的使者，是最美的天使，是真正的英雄！
据统计，抗疫期间，人民解放军、中央和国家部委、各省区市共派出340多支医疗队、42000余名医务人员驰援武汉。After the outbreak of COVID-19, a vast number of medical workers bid farewell to their loved ones and went in harm’s way. As warriors in white, they devoted every effort to save patients. Xi Jinping spoke highly of the medical workers on the front line, calling them “the most admirable people” in the new era, messengers of brightness and hope, the most beautiful angels, and true heroes.
During the anti-epidemic combat, the PLA, central ministries and commissions, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government altogether dispatched more than 340 medical teams consisting of over 42,000 healthcare workers to aid Hubei.新冠肺炎疫情发生后，人民解放军坚决贯彻中共中央决策部署，迅速启动联防联控工作机制，紧急抽组精兵强将奔赴疫情防控第一线，成为抗疫战线不可或缺的重要力量。习近平在2月23日召开的统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议上指出，人民解放军指战员闻令而动、敢打硬仗，展现了人民子弟兵忠于党、忠于人民的政治品格。
在中共中央统一指挥下，全军一万余名医护人员火线驰援，全力投入抗疫一线救治，第一时间批量接收患者，第一时间进入隔离病区，第一时间诊治危重病人。武警部队平均每天动用1000多名兵力、100余台车辆，协助地方疫情防控部门担负医疗物资调运卸载、防疫洗消和警戒值守等任务。各省军区（警备区）出动民兵配合地方完成外来人员管理、场所消毒、警戒执勤、物资运输、防疫宣传等任务。After the outbreak of the coronavirus, the PLA resolutely implemented the decisions and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, and promptly launched joint prevention and control mechanism. Emergency teams were drawn to the front line, becoming an indispensable force in the anti-epidemic fight.
At the meeting held on February 23 to promote nationwide epidemic control and economic and social development, Xi Jinping pointed out that the PLA commanders and soldiers had acted upon orders and were brave to fight a tough battle, which demonstrated the political character of the people’s army and their loyalty to the Party and the people.
Under the unified command of the CPC Central Committee, more than 10,000 PLA medical staff rushed to the front line and devoted themselves to saving lives. They were among the first to start receiving patients and treating the seriously ill in the isolated wards. Over 1,000 troops and 100 vehicles were mobilized every day to assist the local epidemic prevention and control departments in transporting and unloading medical supplies, cleaning and disinfecting, and posting guards. Militias were dispatched by provincial military commands (garrison commands) to assist local authorities in managing visitors, disinfecting public places, performing vigilance duty, delivering goods and materials, communicating epidemic prevention to the public and other tasks.抗击疫情有两个阵地，一个是医院救死扶伤阵地，一个是社区防控阵地。习近平在北京市调研指导新冠肺炎疫情防控工作时强调，社区是疫情联防联控的第一线，也是外防输入、内防扩散最有效的防线。把社区这道防线守住，就能有效切断疫情扩散蔓延的渠道。
在抗击疫情斗争中，社区工作者们克服人员不够、资源不足、条件艰苦、防护措施不完善等各种困难，始终坚守着城市的第一道防线。他们的无私奉献，成为疫情防控中的动人风景，不断筑牢着疫情防控的“社区防线”。There are two fronts in the battle against the epidemic: hospital – the life-saving front, and community – the epidemic prevention and control front. When inspecting the epidemic prevention and control in Beijing, Xi Jinping emphasized that communities are the forefront of joint prevention and control, and also an effective defense line against importation of cases and intra-city/region transmission. We can effectively curb the spread if we hold firm the defense line in the communities.
A great number of community workers and volunteers across the country delivered necessities to self-isolated residents at home on a daily basis, followed up their health conditions, and helped residents see doctors, transfer to hospitals or get consultation. Their dedication shored up a strong defense line in the communities.新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，全国公安机关坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示精神和党中央决策部署，全警动员、全力以赴投入战疫情、防风险、保安全、护稳定各项工作，广大公安民警、辅警不畏艰险、不怕牺牲，坚守岗位、英勇奋战，全力投入到疫情防控和维护稳定工作。
同时，公安部科学调配警力，组织省市县三级公安机关按照15%、20%、30%的比例抽调下沉34.2万余名警力支援基层一线。
抗击疫情期间，广大公安干警在做好自身防疫工作的同时，全力配合做好社会面疫情防控工作，依法打击整治影响疫情防控和社会稳定的违法犯罪活动，着力做好复工复产依法保障工作，为推动全国疫情防控形势持续向好作出了重要贡献。The public security organs across China resolutely implemented the instructions given by President Xi Jinping and the decisions and plans made by the CPC Central Committee. The whole police force was mobilized to join the battle. They went all out to combat the epidemic, guard against risks, and ensure safety and stability. The public security officers and police support officers met difficulties head on and remained steadfast to their posts, devoting all their efforts to tackling the virus and maintaining stability.The public security organs at provincial, municipal and county levels each dispatched 15%, 20%, and 30% of their police forces to support the communities. In total, 342,000-plus police officers worked tirelessly at the front line, risking their lives to protect the people and maintain security.
In the war against COVID-19, a vast number of police officers made great contribution to the society-wide prevention and control. Not only did they punish criminal and other illegal activities that hindered the anti-epidemic fight or undermined social stability, they also went to great lengths to support the resumption of work and production, thus contributing to the positive trending of epidemic prevention and control in China.为最大限度发挥基层防控的力量和作用，习近平在2月3日召开的中央政治局常委会会议上强调，在疫情防控工作中，要坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义，让基层干部把更多精力投入到疫情防控第一线。
疫情期间，广大基层干部坚持想群众之所想、急群众之所急，奔走在大街小巷、田间地头，深入细致开展疫情摸排，组织疑似病例隔离观察，协调防护物资分配，宣传普及防疫知识，用扎实行动保障人民群众生活，当好人民群众的“贴心人”。At the meeting held on February 3 by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping emphasized opposition to excessive bureaucracy and the malpractice of going through motions, so that grassroots officials can devote fully to epidemic prevention and control.
During the outbreak, they were kept busy checking every block for epidemic screening, leaving no stone unturned. They arranged medical observation of suspected cases, coordinated the distribution of protective equipment, and spread knowledge of epidemic prevention to the general public. As “trustworthy friends of the people”, they safeguarded people’s wellbeing with concrete actions.2020年2月10日，习近平在北京调研指导新冠肺炎疫情防控工作时强调，把防控力量向社区下沉，加强社区各项防控措施的落实，使所有社区成为疫情防控的坚强堡垒。这一要求，吹响了以社区为重点抗击疫情的“集结号”。
为增强社区防控合力，严密社区防线，全国各地党政机关干部纷纷走出机关，分批下沉社区，极大缓解了社区联防联控中的人手紧张压力，为开展精细化防控注入力量。下沉干部深入社区街道，积极配合社区干部做好人员排查、测量体温、消毒隔离、宣传引导、后勤保障等各项防控工作，为社区居民筑牢“防疫墙”。下沉干部与广大社区工作人员、公安干警、基层干部和志愿者们并肩作战，形成了有序参与联防联控、群防群治的强大力量。When inspecting the epidemic prevention work in Beijing on February 10, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to empower communities to implement prevention and control measures, making every community a strong bastion defending the epidemic. His request sounded the “rally call” to focus on community-centered battle against the virus.In order to create synergy and strengthen community defense line, numerous Party and government officials were designated to work in the communities. Their arrival greatly relieved the shortage of manpower. They assisted community workers in personnel screening, temperature check, disinfection and isolation, publicity and guidance, and logistics support, building a solid anti-epidemic defense for the residents. They worked side by side with local community workers, public security officers, grassroots officials and volunteers, forming a powerful inter-agency force to carry out society-wide actions.
据不完全统计，在总人口约1000万的武汉，有5万余名志愿者支援抗疫第一线。“疫情不散，我们不退”，这是全国抗疫志愿者的共同心声。
这些志愿者中，有党员、退役军人、学生、快递员和普通百姓等，他们年龄不一，性别不同，来自各个岗位甚至不同国家，坚守在高风险、高强度的防控一线，真诚奉献、不辞辛劳。According to incomplete statistics, more than 50,000 volunteers joined the efforts in battling the epidemic in Wuhan, a city with a population of 10 million. “We will not retreat if the epidemic has not receded.” This is the pledge of all volunteers across the country.
Among these volunteers were CPC members, ex-servicemen, students and deliverymen. Different in age and gender, and coming from different walks of life and different countries, they were totally dedicated to the high-risk and high-intensity work on the front line.2020年3月10日，习近平在湖北省考察疫情防控工作时对正在接受治疗的患者送去慰问，鼓励患者群众树立必胜信心，保持乐观向上的精神状态，主动听从医嘱，积极配合治疗。
截至3月31日，全国累计治愈出院病例超7.6万例，治愈率为93.5%；其中，湖北全省累计治愈患者63000多例，治愈率超93%。On March 10, during his inspection in Hubei, Xi Jinping expressed sympathy to the patients, tried to boost their morale, and asked them to follow the doctor’s advice for recovery at an earlier date.By March 31, more than 76,000 patients had been cured and discharged, with a cure rate of 93.5%. Among them, more than 63,000 were in Hubei, with a cure rate of over 93%.
3月10日，习近平在湖北省考察疫情防控工作指出，要紧紧依靠人民群众，充分发动人民群众，提高群众自我服务、自我防护能力。他要求，保障好群众基本生活，畅通“最后一公里”。在这场全民战疫中，广大群众自觉居家、减少外出，通过网络在线拜年、工作、教学、采购等方式开启“宅生活”，积极配合社区防控，共同努力守护来之不易的抗疫成效。广大群众在做好自身防疫工作的同时，也展现了大爱精神，纷纷通过各种形式与途径支持武汉以及湖北其他地区。During his inspection in Hubei on March 10, Xi Jinping highlighted the need to closely rely on the people, fully mobilize them and improve their ability to serve and protect themselves. He requested that the basic livelihood of the people be ensured and “the last mile” service problems be solved.In this nationwide war against the epidemic, the people voluntarily stayed at home, reduced outings, and led a “stay-at-home lifestyle” by doing almost everything online, from sending New Year greetings, to working, teaching and buying things. They supported the community work in this way, in a joint effort to safeguard the hard-won achievements in epidemic prevention and control. While doing their own parts to combat the epidemic, the general public also assisted Wuhan and other parts of Hubei through a variety of forms, demonstrating the spirit of great love.
口罩是预防呼吸道传染病的重要防线，可以降低新冠病毒感染风险。口罩不仅可以防止病人喷射飞沫，降低飞沫量和喷射速度，还可阻挡含病毒的飞沫核，防止佩戴者吸入。
新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，口罩在疫情防控中起着重要作用。2020年1月30日，国家卫生健康委印发《预防新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎口罩使用指南》。2月5日，国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《预防新型冠状病毒感染口罩选择与使用技术指引》。3月17日，根据疫情防控形势向好和复工复产需要，联防联控机制修订形成《公众科学戴口罩指引》，从普通公众、特定场所人员、职业暴露人员以及重点人员进行分类，并对不同场景下戴口罩提出科学指引的建议。Facemasks are important for preventing infectious respiratory diseases and lowering the risk of COVID-19 infections. Facemasks can prevent patients from spraying droplets, reduce the amount and speed of droplets, and protect the wearers from inhaling droplet nucleus of the virus.
Facemasks have been effective in preventing and controlling COVID-19. On January 30, the NHC published a Guide on Facemask Usage Against Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia. On February 5, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council published the Technical Guidelines for Selecting and Using Facemasks Against Novel Coronavirus Infection.
On March 17, in response to work resumption as the disease prevention and control improved, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism published a Guide on Proper Usage of Facemasks by the Public, providing advice for wearing facemasks under different conditions for the general public, people at specific areas, people with occupational exposure, and key population groups.根据国家卫生健康委发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第七版）》，目前所见传染源主要是新冠病毒感染的患者。无症状感染者也可能成为传染源。经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播是主要的传播途径。人群普遍易感。因此，减少人员出行，避免参加集会、聚会是阻断疫情的重要措施。
加强个人防护，还要减少到公共场所活动，尤其是一些人员密集、空气流动性差的公共场所，如商场、餐厅、影院、车站、机场、码头、展览馆等。According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (Trial Version 7) published by the NHC, patients infected by the novel coronavirus are the main source of infection. Asymptomatic coronavirus carriers are possible source of infection. Major ways of transmission are respiratory droplets and close contact with infected people. All people are vulnerable to COVID-19. While preparing meals or dining together, people are in close contact with each other. Droplets spread by coughing, sneezing and even talking in close distance may directly transmit to the whole group, which can easily spread the disease and facilitate the prevalence of the disease. Therefore, reducing outings and avoiding gatherings and parties are important measures to interrupt the transmission of the disease.
People should strengthen personal protection by reducing visits to public places, especially where is crowded or poorly ventilated, such as shopping malls, restaurants, cinemas, stations, airports, wharves and exhibition centers.除了外出佩戴口罩，洗手也是预防传染病最简单、最有效的措施之一。日常工作、生活中，人们的手不断接触到被病毒、细菌污染的物品，手上的病原体可以通过手和口、眼、鼻的粘膜接触进入人体。洗手可以简单有效地切断这一传播途径，有效降低感染新冠病毒的风险。
为避免病毒经手传播，应尽量减少接触公共场所的公共物品和部位，同时注意勤洗手。Besides wearing facemasks when going out, washing hands is also one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent infectious disease. In daily work and life, people may touch items contaminated by viruses and bacteria, and pathogens on their hands can get into their bodies through the mucosae of mouth, eyes and nose. Washing hands can easily and effectively interrupt transmission through mucosae and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infections.
To avoid transmission of the virus through hands, people should avoid touching items and facilities at public places and wash hands frequently.如果出现发热、咳嗽等症状，应注意戴口罩等个人防护，及时就近就医。
公民应主动做好个人与家庭成员的健康监测，尽可能减少与有呼吸道疾病症状（如发烧、咳嗽或打喷嚏等）的人密切接触，自觉发热时要主动测量体温。
前往医院的路上，应佩戴医用外科口罩或N95口罩，尽量避免乘坐公共交通工具，路上打开车窗。在路上和到医院时，尽可能离其他人至少1米距离。就医时，应如实详细讲述患病情况和就医过程，告知医生近期旅行居住史、人员和动物接触史等，配合医生开展相关调查。People should closely monitor their health conditions, take personal protection measures like wearing facemasks, and go to see a doctor nearby when they display symptoms like fever and coughing.Citizens should monitor their health and that of their family members, minimize close contact with people who have symptoms of respiratory diseases (such as fever, cough or sneezing), and take temperature when feeling feverish.
On the way to see a doctor, people should wear surgical masks or respirators of grade N95, avoid taking public transportation, and open the window of the vehicle they take. They should keep at least 1 meter from others on the way to and after arriving at the hospital. They should tell the doctor in detail about their conditions, their recent travel and residence history, and their contact with people and animals, and cooperate with the doctor in relevant investigations.在新冠肺炎疫情期间，做好防护措施的同时，保持良好卫生和健康习惯可以有效降低感染风险。国家卫生健康委在2020年1月27日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控公众预防指南汇编》中介绍了保持良好卫生和健康习惯的主要做法。During the outbreak of the COVID-19, while taking good protective measures, maintaining good hygiene and health habits can effectively reduce the risk of infection. On January 27, the NHC released a Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia, which suggested the ways to maintain good hygiene and health habits.
野生动物是指所有非经人工饲养而生活于自然环境下的各种动物。许多野生动物带有多种病毒，如果人与之接触，可能将病毒传播给人类。
2020年2月24日，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次全体会议通过全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命安全的决定，为维护公共卫生安全和生态安全，保障人民群众生命健康安全提供有力的立法保障。为了人类健康，个人不要接触、捕猎、贩卖、购买、加工、食用野生动物。Wild animals refer to all kinds of animals that live in a natural environment without artificial rearing. Many wild animals carry multiple viruses that can be transmitted to humans through contact.
On February 24, the 16th plenary meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress decided to thoroughly ban illegal wildlife trade and break the bad habit of eating wild animals, so as to effectively guarantee the safety of the people’s lives. This decision provided strong legislative guarantee to safeguard public health and ecological security and to protect people’s lives and health. For the sake of human health, people must not touch, hunt, sell, buy, process, or eat wild animals.家庭是社会的细胞，也是抗击疫情的基础力量和重要防线。目前诸多新冠肺炎病例中，家庭聚集性感染的特征较为突出。
国家卫生健康委在2020年1月27日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控公众预防指南汇编》中介绍了“家庭新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎预防指南”，提供了适用于家庭场所的日常预防建议。The family is the cell of society and an important place of defense against the epidemic. Among novel coronavirus cases, family infections are prominent.
The Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia issued by the NHC made the suggestions for family members.公共场所是公众进行社会活动的重要载体，也是防控传染病发生流行的重点环节，公共场所卫生安全关系人民群众健康和经济社会发展。为加强疫情防控，2020年1月30日，国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《公共场所新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎卫生防护指南》，对宾馆、商场、影院、游泳馆、博物馆、候车（机）室、办公楼等人群经常聚集活动的公共场所和工作场所的卫生防护提出措施指引和操作要求。Public places are where the general public take part in social activities, therefore they are a key link in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. These places are related to people’s health and economic and social development.
On January 30, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council published a Guide on Health Protection of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Public Places, listing suggestions and requirements for health protection in public places and workplaces where people often gather, such as hotels, shopping malls, cinemas, swimming pools, museums, waiting rooms and lounges, and office buildings.
公共交通工具具有人流量大、人员来源复杂、密切接触可能性大等特点，仅仅靠采取消毒措施切断传播途径来预防疾病传播具有较大难度。
国家卫生健康委在2020年1月27日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控公众预防指南汇编》中，对飞机、火车、地铁、公共汽车和轮船等公共交通工具的卫生防护提供措施建议。1月29日，国务院应对新型冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《公共交通工具消毒操作技术指南的通知》，指导汽车、火车、飞机、轮船等公共交通工具做好消毒工作，防止新冠肺炎通过交通工具传播和扩散。Public transportation features large flow of people, complex personnel source, and high possibility of close contact. It is difficult to prevent the spread of disease by only taking disinfection measures to cut off the transmission route.The NHC provided recommendations on hygienic protection of public transportation such as planes, trains, subways, buses and ships in the Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia released on January 27. On January 29, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued a notice on applying the Technical Guidelines for Disinfection of Public Transportation, which provided disinfection suggestions of cars, trains, planes and ships to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus through vehicles.
办公场所防控主要指在办公区域进行的疫情防控管理。随着复工复产、人员陆续返岗，办公区域人员密度大、停留时间长、人员构成复杂，增加了办公场所的防控工作难度。国家卫生健康委在2020年1月29日发布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（第一版）》中，提供了办公场所防控指南。
Office prevention and control mainly refers to epidemic prevention and control management in the workplace. With the resumption of work and production and the return of personnel, the office area has a high density of staff with long stay and a complex composition, which increases the difficulty of prevention and control.
The Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition), released by the NHC on January 29, provided a guide to workplace prevention and control.老年人群是新冠病毒易感高危人群，自我防护意识普遍较弱，因此，老年康复、护理、养老等机构应做好在院老年人群的防护措施。2020年1月底，国家民政部发出通知，要求各地全力做好养老机构新冠肺炎疫情防控工作，确保老年人安全健康。
根据国家卫生健康委在2020年1月29日发布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（第一版）》，养老机构防控疫情的主要措施包括日常预防措施，以及有老人出现可疑症状时的应对措施。
The elderly are a vulnerable and high-risk group of the novel coronavirus with weak self-protection awareness. The institutions for elderly rehabilitation, nursing, and elderly care should take protective measures for the elderly.In late January 2020, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a notice requesting all localities to make every effort to prevent and control the novel coronavirus in elderly care institutions to ensure the safety and health of senior citizens.
According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition), major measures to be taken by the elderly care institutions included daily preventive measures and counter measures in case of suspicious symptoms of elderly people.幼儿园、学校是幼儿、学生集体生活的场所，易感人群集中，易导致交叉感染。2020年3月12日，国家教育部应对疫情工作领导小组办公室组织编写的《幼儿园新冠肺炎防控指南》《中小学校新冠肺炎防控指南》《高等学校新冠肺炎防控指南》出版上线，对幼儿园、学校做好应对疫情工作具有指导意义。
Kindergartens and schools are places where young children and students live together, who are vulnerable to diseases and easily suffer cross-infection. The leading group on virus prevention of the Ministry of Education on March 12 released different guides on COVID-19 prevention and control in kindergartens, primary and middle schools, and colleges and universities.
老年人免疫功能弱，是传染病的易感人群和高危易发人群，本次新冠肺炎疫情的危重症人群中老年人居多。2020年1月28日，国家卫生健康委印发《关于做好老年人新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的通知》，要求将老年人的疫情防控作为当前的重要工作来抓，采取有效措施，切实降低老年人感染率，尽最大努力减少重症和死亡病例。全国老龄工作委员会办公室发布的《给老年朋友的一封信》倡议，老年人要科学防控，不要过度恐慌；尽量减少外出，做好个人防护；注重补充营养和食品卫生；合理适度锻炼身体；主动学习相关防护知识等。
The elderly with weak immune function are susceptible and high-risk groups of infectious diseases, and they are the majority of the severe and critical cases among the COVID-19 patients.
On January 28, the NHC issued a notice on epidemic prevention and control among the elderly, requiring effective measures to reduce the infection rate, severe cases and deaths. The Office of the National Working Committee on Aging published a letter calling for the senior citizens to take scientific measures against the disease and not to panic; reduce outdoor activities and have personal protection; balance nutrition and ensure food hygiene; exercise moderately; and take protective tips.儿童是新冠肺炎的易感人群之一。2020年2月2日，国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制发出通知，要求做好儿童和孕产妇新冠肺炎疫情防控工作。
Children are one of the vulnerable groups of the novel coronavirus. On February 2, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued a notice on ensuring effective control of the children and pregnant women.
学生的身体健康牵涉到千家万户，是疫情防控的关键和重中之重。2020年1月29日，国家教育部宣布各地在疫情防控期间做好延期开学的准备，中小学应在延迟开学期间“停课不停教、不停学”。
The health of students involves thousands of families, which is the key and top priority of epidemic prevention and control. On January 29, the Ministry of Education proposed all regions postpone the new school term during the epidemic prevention and control period, and primary and middle schools “suspend classes with non-stopping teaching and learning” during the period.根据国家卫生健康委在2020年1月29日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控公众预防指南汇编》，在两周内有武汉等疾病流行地区居住、旅行史的人员应做好登记、隔离和酌情就医等防控措施。
According to the Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia, released by the NHC on January 29, people who have lived in or traveled to epidemic areas like Wuhan in the previous two weeks should take prevention and control measures, including registration, quarantine, and getting medical attention as appropriate.居家隔离是科学防控的必要手段，也是阻止病毒传播蔓延的重要方法之一。为指导居家隔离医学观察的人员做好个人防护，预防和控制感染，国家卫生健康委在2020年2月5日印发的《新冠肺炎防控中居家隔离医学观察感染防控指引（试行）》中，对居家隔离医学观察随访者、居家隔离医学观察人员及其家庭成员或室友等相关人员的感染防控措施作出详细介绍。
Home quarantine is a scientific way and an important means to contain the virus from spreading. The Guidelines on Medical Observation at Home for COVID-19 Prevention and Control (Trial), released by the NHC on February 5, detailed the measures for people under home quarantine and their family members/roommates, and staff conducting follow-up visits to them.根据国家卫生健康委在2020年1月29日发布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（第一版）》，如果出现发热、咳嗽等症状，以下任一情况，建议采取居家隔离的方式进行观察，一是症状轻微，体温低于38℃，无明显气短、气促、胸闷、呼吸困难，呼吸、血压、心率等生命体征平稳；二是无严重呼吸系统、心血管系统等基础疾病及严重肥胖者。
According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition), home quarantine is recommended for those with symptoms of fever and cough if any of the following is met: (1) body temperature below 38℃, mild symptoms without obvious shortness of breath, tachypnea, chest distress, or breathing difficulties, and steady vital signs including breath, blood pressure and heart rate; (2) no severe underlying disorders in the respiratory or cardiovascular system, and no severe obesity.国家卫生健康委在2020年1月22日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第二版）》中，明确提出了新冠肺炎病例监测方案、流行病学调查方案、可疑暴露者和密切接触者管理方案以及实验室检测技术指南，提出加强组织领导、病例发现与报告、流行病学调查等9项防控措施，指导各级各类医疗机构、各级疾控机构开展病例监测、发现和报告工作。
In the Protocol for Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Prevention and Control (2nd Edition), released on January 22, the NHC laid out guidelines for monitoring of the patients, epidemiological investigations, and management of suspicious exposures and close contacts, and technical guidelines for laboratory testing. Nine measures of prevention and control, including strengthening organization and leadership, case detection and report, and epidemiological investigation, were provided to guide healthcare facilities and disease control centers at all levels on monitoring, detecting and reporting infections.国家卫生健康委在2020年1月30日印发的《新冠病毒感染不同风险人群防护指南》中，对需要到医疗机构就诊的出行人员提出防护建议。同时，医疗机构应做好就诊患者的管理，合理配置医务人员，降低医疗机构内感染的风险。
In the Guide on Protecting People Against Different Risks of Novel Coronavirus Infection, released on January 30, the NHC provided advices to individuals who need to visit a medical institution. Medical institutions should strengthen patient management, allocate medical staff properly, and reduce the risks for hospital-acquired infection.- END -
中国翻译研究院、融媒体中心
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